Self-handicapping occurs when we explain our performance prior to a performance; self-handicapping is anticipatory excuses (Galluchi, 2014). Handicaps excuse failures and are often attributed to external, unstable, specific factors; handicapping blurs the connection between performance and ability (Galluchi, 2014).
By self-handicapping, a performer can avoid an actual assessment of capabilities and talents; this is likely related to self-doubt (Galluchi, 2014). Self-handicappers are always holding onto their potential; because they have not completely given their all, they cannot accurately confirm their ability (Galluchi, 2014). This also means that self-handicappers have some level of self-doubt because they do not know their true ability. Self-handicappers view abilities as a fixed trait and failure is viewed as a revelation of a permanent lack of ability (Galluchi, 2014).
How can it decrease performance?
Two categories of handicaps are acquired handicaps and claimed handicaps (Galluchi, 2014):
Acquired handicaps actually decrease the chances of a successful performance; examples are drunkenness, lack of preparation, decreased chances of success (Galluchi, 2014).
Claimed handicaps excuse a low performance but do not impact chances of success; examples are anxiety, depression, fatigue, and stress (Galluchi, 2014).
How can it improve performance?
Self-handicapping is not known to improve performance.
Strategies to Pivot
Because self-handicapping is an effort to protect the self, it may indicate that self-esteem is unstable (Galluchi, 2014). To reduce or eliminate self-handicapping, a performer should set mastery goals rather than performance goals (Galluchi, 2014). For example, a runner who tends to self-handicap should focus on training regularly or improving running mechanics (mastery goal) rather than winning races (performance goal).
Self-handicappers can work to increase confidence, which should inhibit the tendency to self-handicap (Galluchi, 2014). As they begin to believe in their abilities, they will have less need to self-handicap future performances.
Training Questions
Using your mental performance log, answer these questions. Remember that the more thought and effort you put into them, the more you'll get from the experience.
1. Can you think of a time when you used self-handicapping? Explain. 2. Explain why you used it. 3. Which of the strategies will you use to improve your future performances and avoid self-handicapping? Explain why you selected those strategies.